E5 points at the compressor motor. The system has detected the compressor is not running as it should, whether that is a winding fault, a mechanical seizure or an electrical problem in the circuit feeding it. This is the most expensive code in the ActronAir range, which is exactly why the diagnosis has to be done properly before a compressor is quoted.
Windings fail from heat, from age, or from running on a poor supply for years. A compressor with a failing winding often draws more current than it should before it stops altogether. Winding resistance and insulation resistance identify it, and both are measured before the compressor is condemned.
Current climbs when the compressor works harder than it should, whether from a mechanical bind, a restricted refrigerant circuit or a condenser that cannot reject heat. The protection sees the rise and cuts out. Measuring current at start and again in steady running tells a technician which of those it is.
Pitted contactor points, a loose terminal, a cable that has been hot or insulation breaking down will all produce an E5 on a healthy compressor. These are the faults worth finding, because they cost a fraction of a compressor and they are routinely mistaken for one. Insulation resistance testing separates them.
Isolate for several minutes, restore power and listen to the first start attempt. A compressor that hums and trips within seconds behaves nothing like one that runs for twenty minutes and then stops. Note which it does before it trips, because that observation is worth more than any single meter reading.
Winding resistance is measured across each phase and insulation resistance to earth, then compared against the manufacturer figures. A winding that differs from its siblings, or one that leaks to earth, has failed. This is the test that decides whether the compressor is replaced or the fault is somewhere else.
Contactor points, terminal blocks and the cable run are inspected for pitting, heat discolouration and looseness. A contactor with burnt points adds resistance and heat, and the compressor sees a supply that sags under load. Replacing it is a fraction of the cost of the compressor it protects.